--- title: "Benchmarking 1 million concurrent connections" publication: "Postgres Weekly" issue: 519 published_at: "2023-08-16" canonical_url: "https://postgresweekly.com/issues/519" --- Plus we're taking a break for a few weeks. | #​519 — August 16, 2023 [Web Version](https://postgresweekly.com/issues/519) **⛱ I'm taking two weeks off and will be back on Wednesday, September 6.** So if you don't see the newsletter turn up for a while, rest assured it's not your fault ;-) __ _Peter Cooper, your editor_ Together with [![Timescale logo\](https://res.cloudinary.com/cpress/image/upload/c_fill,g_auto,w_1500,h_362/e_make_transparent/co_white,e_outline:35/qjz9oczunihxrp2w6fhc.png)](https://timescale.typeform.com/state-of-pg-23/?utm_source=timescaledb-paid&utm_medium=postgres-weekly&utm_campaign=state-of-pg-2023) Postgres Weekly [![\](https://res.cloudinary.com/cpress/image/upload/w_1280,e_sharpen:60,q_auto/bkyfe6xg3lvivijiskcj.jpg)](https://www.crunchydata.com/blog/when-did-postgres-become-cool) [When Did Postgres Become _Cool?_](https://www.crunchydata.com/blog/when-did-postgres-become-cool) — Postgres just passed the 25 year milestone as an open source project, but it wasn’t always the ‘cool kid’ and it didn’t always have a large ecosystem of companies and events cheering for it. Craig looks back at some of Postgres’ history. Craig Kerstiens [Postgres 15.4, 14.9, 13.12, 12.16, 11.21, and 16 Beta 3 Released](https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/postgresql-154-149-1312-1216-1121-and-postgresql-16-beta-3-released-2689/) — Why have several blog posts for a raft of Postgres releases when you can squeeze them all into _one_? 😁 All supported versions of Postgres (including the beta of v16) have had releases to fix both bugs and two security vulnerabilities. It’s important to note that **“if you use BRIN indexes to look up NULL values, you will need to reindex them after upgrading.”** PostgreSQL Global Development Group [![\](https://copm.s3.amazonaws.com/37963269.png)](https://timescale.typeform.com/state-of-pg-23/?utm_source=timescaledb-paid&utm_medium=postgres-weekly&utm_campaign=state-of-pg-2023) [The 2023 State of PostgreSQL Survey Is Now Open!](https://timescale.typeform.com/state-of-pg-23/?utm_source=timescaledb-paid&utm_medium=postgres-weekly&utm_campaign=state-of-pg-2023) — Calling all PostgreSQL users! Take the survey today to share your favorite extensions, preferred frameworks, community experiences, and more. Timescale sponsor [An Early Look at HNSW Performance with pgvector](https://jkatz05.com/post/postgres/pgvector-hnsw-performance/) — Postgres’s role as a vector data store is only continuing to grow in the burgeoning machine learning era and HNSW (Hierarchical Navigable Small World – [📄 relevant paper](https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1603/1603.09320.pdf)) offers a new way to do similarity searches that has some benefits over other approaches. The next version of pgvector will support HNSW but Jonathan has already managed to put it through its paces – in short, it performs very well. Jonathan Katz _IN BRIEF:_ - 🔊 If you'd like something to listen to over the next few weeks while we're away, how about the [_Path to Citus Con_ podcast](https://www.citusdata.com/podcast/path-to-citus-con/) or [Postgres.fm](https://postgres.fm/)? Prefer video? The [▶️ _Scaling Postgres_ channel](https://www.youtube.com/@ScalingPostgres) has plenty of great stuff. - [PostgreSQL 16 Beta 3 is now available](https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2023/08/postgresql-16-beta-3-amazon-rds-database-preview/) in the Amazon RDS Database Preview Environment. - 📄 [_Mastering PostgreSQL Administration_](https://momjian.us/main/writings/pgsql/administration.pdf) is a handy PDF slidedeck by Bruce Momjian. - Graphite, a heavy user of Amazon Aurora Postgres, has written about [switching to Aurora I/O Optimized resulted in huge savings](https://graphite.dev/blog/how-an-aws-aurora-feature-cut-db-costs) for them. [Securing Your Database with Roles and Privileges](https://rlopzc.com/posts/securing-your-postgresql-db-with-roles--privileges/) — If you’ve never set up a system where you have numerous roles accessing things in a single database, this is a good, quick primer. Romario López [Squeeze the Heck Out of the System You Have](https://blog.danslimmon.com/2023/08/11/squeeze-the-hell-out-of-the-system-you-have/#like-2777) — When your database service is already on the biggest instance possible, do you need to rethink everything? Not so fast, says Dan, there’s often a way to squeeze more of what you have. Dan Slimmon 🗣 This article resulted in [lots of discussion on Hacker News](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37091983), less about Postgres and more about the idea of optimization generally. [A SQL Style Guide](https://www.sqlstyle.guide/) — A handy SQL style guide to ensure legible and maintainable queries. Simon Holywell [More Fun with Postgres Puzzles: Recursive Functions with Animations](https://www.crunchydata.com/blog/fun-with-postgresql-puzzles-and-recursive-functions-with-animations) — We’ve been enjoying Greg’s series showing off how he’s solving various _Advent of Code_ puzzles in Postgres and this one goes pretty far out with recursive functions and rendering basic terminal animations. Greg Sabino Mullane [PlanetScale vs. Neon: The Continued Saga Between MySQL and Postgres](https://www.bytebase.com/blog/planetscale-vs-neon/) — [Comparing MySQL and Postgres](https://www.bytebase.com/blog/postgres-vs-mysql/) is one thing, but you can also compare the newest platforms to offer both in a serverless fashion. Bytebase Talking of _Neon_, they recently [raised $46m in series B funding](https://venturebeat.com/data-infrastructure/neon-raises-46-million-to-advance-serverless-postgresql-database-for-the-ai-era/). ▶[You're Probably Already Using Postgres: What You Need to Know with Chelsea Dole and Floor Drees](https://www.citusdata.com/blog/2023/08/11/ep06-highlights-of-path-to-citus-con-podcast/) Path To Citus Con Podcast podcast [How to Execute Queries from SQL Files with `psql`](https://stormatics.tech/blogs/how-to-execute-queries-from-sql-files-in-postgresql-using-psql) Salman Ahmed [Parsing pgSQL with `tree-sitter` in WASM](https://www.splitgraph.com/blog/parsing-pgsql-with-tree-sitter-in-wasm) Splitgraph Code and Tools [![\](https://res.cloudinary.com/cpress/image/upload/w_1280,e_sharpen:60,q_auto/ujoixxrsbe2aoqhha9rm.jpg)](https://supabase.com/blog/supavisor-1-million) [Supavisor 0.9: A Postgres Connection Pooler from Supabase](https://supabase.com/blog/supavisor-1-million) — It's built with Elixir and is specifically designed for multi-tenancy. **This post includes an interesting set of benchmarks where Supabase took it up to 1 million connections.** [v0.9](https://github.com/supabase/supavisor/releases/tag/v0.9.0) adds upstream and downstream SSL support, per-tenant metrics endpoints, and the ability to limit connections per tenant. [GitHub repo.](https://github.com/supabase/supavisor) Supabase [pgsql-http 1.6: An HTTP Client for Postgres](https://github.com/pramsey/pgsql-http) — Would you like to be able to call web services from a trigger, say? Here’s your chance. Paul Ramsey [Run the Same Open Source Postgres on Any Cloud. Start for Free with $300 in Credits](https://www.enterprisedb.com/accounts/register/biganimal?utm_source=postgresweekly&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=GL-DS--BigAnimal-DSS) EDB BigAnimal sponsor - [PostGIS 3.4.0](https://postgis.net/2023/08/PostGIS-3.4.0/) - [PL/R 8.4.6](https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/plr-846-released-2685/) – Write Postgres procedures in the R language. - [plpgsql_check 2.4](https://github.com/okbob/plpgsql_check) – Linter tool for PL/pgSQL. - [Slonik 34.1](https://github.com/gajus/slonik) ↳ Node.js Postgres client with runtime and build-time type safety. - [PostgresML 2.7.4](https://github.com/postgresml/postgresml/releases/tag/v2.7.4) Last, but not least.. [![\](https://res.cloudinary.com/cpress/image/upload/w_1280,e_sharpen:60,q_auto/ioiweeadbnvenrczuqku.jpg)](https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set) [Rendering the Mandelbrot Set with SQL](https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set) — We last linked this several years ago, but it seems fitting to revisit as a lighthearted way to start our summer break. It’s an interesting query to get your head around and it's even SQL:2008 compliant. SQLite has [its own version](https://sqlite.org/lang_with.html#mandelbrot) in its docs, too. PostgreSQL Wiki 👋 **_We'll be back in three weeks on September 6, 2023. See you soon!_** If you have anything to submit for the next issue, hit reply and let us know (but appreciate we may be slow to reply since we'll be on vacation 😉). **Got a new email?** You can [change your address here](https://postgresweekly.com/edit_subscription/*|UID|*). --- **Bored of us?** [Click here to stop getting Postgres Weekly](https://postgresweekly.com/leave/*|UID|*). --- **Got a link for us?** Reply and tell us. We can't include everything but we'll look at anything you send. _Thanks!_ --- Published by Cooper Press Ltd. Fairfield Enterprise Centre, Louth, LN11 0LS, United Kingdom Postgres, PostgreSQL and the Slonik Logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of the PostgreSQL Community Association of Canada. [Stop getting this newsletter](https://postgresweekly.com/leave/*|UID|*).